Showing 96 results for Author: Michael D. Kass
May, 2026
Conference Paper
This paper presents an overview of the DOE Marine Biofuel Feasibility Study to evaluate the potential of biofuels for ocean-going vessels. These vessels operate on low-cost residual fuel oils (also known as heavy fuel oils or HFO), which require significant heating and purification onboard vessels. The industry is looking at economical alternative fuels that can enhance pe…
Apr, 2026
Journal
The performance and emissions for a single-cylinder 2-stroke crosshead engine were determined for a very low sulfur fuel oil (VLSFO) containing partially upgraded 10 wt% fast pyrolysis (FP) or hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) bio-intermediates. The FP and HTL oils were derived from biomass and hydroprocessed to reduce oxygen and nitrogen. The addition of either biofuel redu…
Mar, 2026
Conference Paper
The maritime shipping industry is growing increasingly interested in both low and non-carbon-containing fuels to meet future greenhouse gas emission targets. Specifically of interest is ammonia, as it has a relatively high volumetric energy density compared to other future fuels, such as hydrogen, making it more economical to transport. The robust engine architecture of lo…
Mar, 2026
Conference Paper
As new fuels are adopted for marine engines, it is necessary to understand their impact on lubricant performance. In order to evaluate the performance of existing lubricants and inform the development of new ones, a deposit control test protocol has been developed using the ExxonMobil Enterprise two-stroke marine diesel research engine. Repeated tests at the target speed/l…
Mar, 2026
Conference Paper
The United States Department of Energy has commissioned four national laboratories to evaluate the feasibility of biofuels in the maritime sector. This effort is briefly described including the overall project goals, structure and aims. The large two-stroke crosshead engines used to power large merchant vessels were of particular interest since they can burn lower combusti…
Jun, 2025
Conference Paper
A custom-built 1/10 scale, flexible-fuel, single-cylinder crosshead marine diesel research engine, dubbed the Enterprise, was designed and built as a platform for conducting marine lubricant research. The engine design was focused on maintaining lubricant boundary conditions similar those of full-scale engines. The Enterprise has a rated speed of 625 rpm to match the linea…
Jan, 2025
Journal
International marine shipping is a growing component of international trade; a vast majority of all the world’s goods are being transported on large ocean-going vessels. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) introduced the Energy Efficiency Design Index in 2013, a regulatory framework of associated metrics for reducing emissions of CO2 per tonne-mile from shipping…