- By:
- Rahman, Mohammed Reefaz ; Schnier, Karsten E; Goldsmith, Ryan H; Lawrie, Benjamin J; Lukens, Joseph; Kim, Seongsin; Kung, Patrick
- Journal Name:
- Applied Physics Letters
- Page Number:
- 51103
- Volume:
- 129
- Issue Number:
- 5
- Publication Date:
- August 11, 2026
- View DOI Listing:
- https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0336858
Abstract
A growing variety of optically accessible spin qubits have emerged in recent years as key components for quantum sensors, computers, and memories. However, the scalability of conventional spin-based quantum architectures remains limited by direct microwave delivery, which introduces thermal noise, electromagnetic crosstalk, and design constraints for cryogenic, high-field, and distributed systems. In this work, we present a unified framework for RF-over-fiber (RFoF) control of spins accessible through optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. The RFoF platform relies on an intensity-modulated 1310 nm laser carrying microwave signals over fiber and a high-speed photodiode for optical-to-electrical conversion to drive NV spin transitions. We report an RFoF power-conversion efficiency of 3.42% for an RF output PRF,out=-5.5 dBm at 2.87 GHz, enabling clear resolution of Zeeman splitting in
