- By:
- Wang, Pengtao ; Yang, Cheng-Min ; Sun, Jian ; Kowalski, Stephen P; Gao, Zhiming ; Nawaz, Kashif
- Page Number:
- 1347-1357
- Book Title:
- Proceedings of the 9th Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference (TFEC)
- Publication Date:
- March 12, 2026
- Publisher Location:
- American Society of Thermal and Fluids Engineers, Danbury, Connecticut, United States of America
- Conference Name:
- 9th Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference (TFEC)
- Conference Location:
- Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Conference Sponsor:
- American Society of Thermal And Fluids Engineers
- View DOI Listing:
- https://doi.org/10.1615/TFEC2024.sim.050557
Abstract
The majority of high-temperature heat pumps (HTHPs) operate subcritical vapor compression cycles, where the maximum sink temperature is limited by the critical temperature of refrigerants. In HTHPs with a sink temperature of ≥ 150°C, transcritical cycles overcome this limitation by rejecting heat in the supercritical regions of refrigerant. Supercritical refrigerants in gas coolers have a large temperature glide and substantial nonlinear variation in specific heat capacity vs. temperature. Closely matching the refrigerant glide temperature and the heat sink temperature profile greatly impacts the heat transfer characteristic of gas coolers and the overall performance of HTHPs. This study conducts a pinch point analysis for the gas cooling process of supercritical R1336mzz(Z) in HTHPs. A finite volume element model of a supercritical R1336mzz(Z) counterflow gas cooler is built and solved. This study evaluates the influences of operating conditions, including inlet and outlet of coolants, refrigerant evaporation temperature and superheat degree, pinch temperature difference, and heat rejection pressure, on the performance of HTHPs. The optimal discharge pressures in gas coolers are proposed for industrial spray dryers in providing drying air at 170°C−210°C. The results of the present study help design gas coolers in transcritical R1336mzz(Z) HTHPs.
